It has been manufactured widely in the United States by the pharmaceutical company Actavis Totowa LLC, formerly known as Amide Pharmaceutical, Inc., the New Jersey headquartered and United States based manufacturing division of the international pharmaceutical company Actavis Group. Actavis Group prides itself on being a well known manufacturer and distributor of generic versions of previously name-brand drugs.
Digoxin is widely used in the treatment of various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrilation and atrial flutter, both abnormal heart rhythms It is sometimes prescribed for heart failure that cannot be controlled by other medication. Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
According to medical professionals, while the practice of anti-arrhthmic drugs is still prescribed to patients to prolong life, the details of this remain unclear. It had, at one time, been believed that life was prolonged after a heart attack with the suppression of arrhythmia. This may happen due to the pro-arrhythmic effect these drugs could potentially create in the patient.
The use of digoxin in heart problems during sinus rhythm(normal heart beat)was once standard, but is now controversial. While it appears that the increased force of contraction should lead to improved pumping function of the heart, its effect on prognosis is questionable; additionally, other effective treatments are available, making the use of the medication during sinus rhythm an unnecessary risk. Nor is Digoxin the first choice for congestive heart failure, although it can still be useful in patients who remain symptomatic despite proper diuretic and ACE inhibitor(another pharmaceutical regimen) treatment. It has fallen out of favor because it was proven to be ineffective at decreasing the duration of heart disease, as well as in the reduction of numbers of deaths with regard to congestive heart failure. It has been shown to increase quality of life in some cases.
Not only is digoxin available as an oral prescription, intravenous injection may be used as well. The half life is about 36 hours; it is given once daily, usually in 125 μg or 250 μg dosing. For individuals suffering from decreased kidney function, the drug requires a reduced dosage or may need a change of prescriptions.
Common digoxin side effects can include: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, visual disturbances (yellow-green halos), confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, nightmares, agitation, and/or depression. Less frequent adverse effects include: acute psychosis, delirium, amnesia, and the possibility of life-threatening heart complications, including additional arrythmia episodes and heart failure. Additionally, Digoxin has been shown to be deadly in overdose situations.
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